The concept of Time in Indian Cosmology

            

The concept of Time in Indian Cosmology

1 Nimisha	Time taken to pronounce one matra (letter)	0.213 sec
15 Nimisha	1  Kaashta	3.2 sec
30 Kaashta	1 Kaala	96 seconds
15 Kaala	1 Naazika	0.4 hours = 24 minutes
30 Kaala (2 Nazika)	1 Muhurtha	1 .25 Muhurtham = 1hour 30 Muhurtham = 24 hours
60 Nazikai (30 Muhutam)	1 Day (day and Night) 1 Hour = 0.4 Nazikai	2.5 Nazikai = 1 hour 60 Nazikai = 24 hours
1 Kaashta	18 times blinking eye lid	18 sec
10 Kaashtas	1 Kshanam	180 sec (2 minutes)
12 Kshanam	1 Nazikai	24 minutes
60 Nazikai	One day	1440 minutes (24 hours)
1 month	Period of Sun travelling from one zodiac to another Total 12 Zodiacs so 12 months. Mesha, Rishaba, Mithuna, Kataka, Simha, Kanya Tula, Vrichika, Danu, Makara, Kumba, Meena	Julian calendar 30 days or 31 days
Thithi	Each day is called a Thithi; there are 15 Thithi in one Paksha (15 days) Prathama, Dvitheya, Tritiya, Chaturti, Panchami, Shasti, Sapthami, Ashtami, Navami, Dasami, Ekadasi, Dwadasi, Triyodasi, Chaturdasi, Amavasya or Poornima. Thithi is position of Moon with respect to Sun
Paksha	1.     Full moon (poornima) to New moon (Amavasya) Krishna Paksha =Pitru Night 2.     New moon to Full moon = Shukla Paksha = Pitru Day
2 months	1 Ritu Mesha,+ Rishaba  = Vasantha Mithuna + Kataka  = Grishma Simha + Kanya      = Varsha Tula + Vrichika      = Sharad Danu + Makara     = Hemant Kumba + Meena   = Sishira
Deva  calendar	6 months= Sun position from Tropic of Cancer to Tropic of Capricorn = Uttarayanam = 1 Deva Day 6 months= Sun position from Tropic of Capricon to Tropic of Cancer = Dakshinayanam = 1 Deva Night  Human I year  is equal to ONE Deva Day
Yuga	Kaliyuga = 1200 Deva years = 4,32,000 human years Dwapara Youga = 2400 Deva years = 8,64,000 HY Thretha Yuga  = 3600 Deva years= 12,96,000 HY Grita Yuga =  4800 Deva years= 17,28,000 HY Total of 4 yuga that is Chatur Yuga = 43,20,000 HY
Brahma,s time	1000 Chatur yuga = 1 brahma day 1000 Chatur yuga = 1 brahma night 8,64,00,00,000 =864 crores HY = one brahma day 1 brahma years = 864 *365 HY = 3,15,360 crore HY
Brahma age (known as one Para) Half Para is known as Parardham	100 brahma years = 3,15,36,000 crore HY Also known as 7 Kalpam 1.     Matsya kalpa, 2.     Koorma kalpa, 3.     Lakshmi kalpa, 4.     Sweta varaaha kalpa, 5.     Shiva kalpa, 6.     Bhrahma kalpa, 7.     Vishnu kalpa	315360 Billion H years We are in second half of the Para. We say Divithye Pararthe We are in Sweta varaaha Kalpa
Manvanthara	71+3/7 Chatur Yug	30,85,71,429 HY
1 Kalpa	14 Manvanthara They are: 1.      Swayambhuva, 2.     Sawosisha, 3.     Audhama, 4.     Thaamasa, 5.     Raivatha, 6.     Sakshusha, 7.     Vaivasvata, 8.     Savarni, 9.     Daaksha savarni, 10.  Bhramha savarni, 11.  Dharma Savarni, 12.  Rudra savarni, 13.  Rouchya    14.  Bowdhya	We are in Vaivasvata Manvanthara, In 28th Kaliyuga
1 yamam	3 hours = 7.5 Nazikai
5 Nazikai	1 Usha
2.5 Nazikai	1 Pradosh	1  hour

The reference point here is the moment of commencement of creation of the Universe by Bhrahma. When we say 'dviteeya paraardhe', which Bhrahma are we referring to? How many Bhrahmas have preceded the current one? This specification is not specified vedic mantras. Since the whole process is cyclical,with one Bhrahma commencing when another completes, and with this process repeating forever, there may not  be any significance in stating the position of Bhrahma.  This cyclical nature of time as believed in Indian Cosmology and therefore refers to time as 'Aanaadhi' - without a or end. In a cyclical concept of time every starting point will have to be an ending point. If time is postulated as being linear and unidirectional there will have to be an absolute starting point for time.

One must get up in the morning at 25 Nazikai from Sun Set (4 AM in the morning)